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Chalmers Archer
Chalmers Archer (April 21, 1928 – February 24, 2014) was an African-American author and professor.〔("Chalmers Archer" ), The History Makers, July 12, 2012.〕 He wrote a memoir about his early experiences in the segregated South, ''Growing Up Black in Rural Mississippi'', and his experiences as a medic in the Special Forces (United States Army) inspired his book ''Green Berets in the Vanguard''. He received the Afro-Achievement Award in 1994 for distinguished lifetime achievement in education.〔(Chalmers H. Archer Jr. ) ''The Washington Post'', March 6, 2014.〕
==Early life==
Dr. Archer was born in Tchula, Mississippi, one of the six children of Eva Rutherford Archer and Chalmers Archer, Sr. His mother was a teacher and librarian and his father was a veteran of World War I and a farmer. While he was a child, his father and uncles rented four hundred acres called "The Place," where they farmed the land, grew livestock and built smokehouses.〔Archer, Chalmers. ''Growing Up Black in Mississippi''. Walker & Co; first edition, February 1992.〕 He remembers the strong, interdependent black community and how supportive it was for young people growing up.〔Hurt, Douglas R. ''African American Life in the Rural South, 1900-1950'', University of Missouri Press, August 1, 2011, p. 55.〕
When he was 12 years old, his family moved to Lexington, MS. He graduated from Ambrose Vocational High School, a segregated school for blacks. Archer noted that it was never intended to be an academic institution because blacks were "not supposed to be intellectually capable of absorbing anything but vocational training," and he noted that the substandard building was not improved until the 1950s after the Supreme Court had rejected the practice of "separate but equal."〔Lambert, Frank. ''The Battle of Ole Miss: Civil Rights v States Rights'', pp. 25-26.〕 Archer had to walk a mile farther to this school than he would have had to if he had been allowed to attend Lexington High School. When Holmes County began providing school bus service, it was only for white students, and Archer was not allowed to ride to school like white neighbors.
After graduating from high school, Archer attended Tuskegee University for a year before he volunteered for the United States Army Air Corps.
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